Women s Roles in Julius Caesar - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 899 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Julius Caesar Essay Did you like this example? Throughout history, a womans role in society has been viewed differently by different perspectives across the world. While women in todays modern, western society enjoy relative equality, women in the past were viewed as inferior to men, solely useful for bearing children and maintaining the home. In Shakespeares Julius Caesar, women are seen as overly emotional, not constant, superstitious, and had no voice in their homes or in the political world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Women s Roles in Julius Caesar" essay for you Create order Shakespeare in Julius Caesar uses Calpurnia and Portia to portray the struggle between the perceived nature of women during Roman times and the true nature of women.Calpurnia represents the power of womanhood that is underestimated because of stereotypes of women during Roman times. Calpurnia has ominous dreams of Caesars impending murder and tries to convince him to not go forth today and even gets on her knees to prevail in this (Shakespeare 2.2.54-55, 58). Calpurnia tries to persuade Caesar to stay home out of her own love and concern for him. She embodies wifely love and support and encompasses the true power of womanhood by even getting down on one knee to convince him. Once Caesar is convinced to stay home, Decius, one of the conspirators, convinces Caesar to come to the Senate by manipulating Calpurnias description of her dreams saying that they signified reviving blood, and that great men shall press/ For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance (Shakespeare 2.2.94-95). Caesar is quick to recoil on what his wife told him, asking, How foolish do your fears seem now, Calpurnia! and states he is ashamed I [Caesar] did yield to them (Shakespeare 2.2.110-112). Caesar quickly discounts Calpurnias thoughts over the thoughts of another mans even though Calpurnia is his wife and has his best interests at heart.. Calpurnias power as a wife and a woman is taken from her and underestimated, and seen as womanish superstition (Plutarch: Life o f Caesar). The underestimation of women in Roman times, specifically Portia, occurs because of stereotypes and the inferior image of women in Roman society.Portia does not represent the underestimation of women; rather the incorrect assumption that womanly strength is manly strength. Seeing that Brutus is distressed and awake in the middle of the night, she asks him to tell me [Portia] your counsels, and even gives proof of my [Portias] constancy by stabbing herself in her thigh (Shakespeare 2.1.318-323). Even though Portia is a woman herself, she believes the incorrect Roman stereotypes about women and tries to prove that she is not like them. Although Portia possesses powerful womanly and wifely strength, Portia tries to prove that she is worthy and able to handle Brutus secret by convincing [him] that a mans body is not that much different from a womans body after all (Hamer). Desperate and anxious for good news regarding Brutus and the conspiracy, Portia faces enormous pressure to keep the secret, stating that she has mans mind but a womans might (Shakespeare 2.4.9). Being impatient of my [Brutus] absence, the grief causes her to swallow fire (Shakespeare 4.3.174, 179). Being an Roman educated woman, she has been taught to value manly power and silence her womanly instincts and conscience (Hamer). Because she does not value her power as a woman, she could not recognize when she was putting herself in mental distress and real danger. Portia represents the antithetical misconception that womanly and manly strength are the same.The stereotypes in the Roman World and the misunderstandings of womens true power result in death and demise. Because he does not listen to Calpurnias warnings and pleads, then fall Caesar (Shakespeare 3.1.199). Caesar suffered the consequences of not believing his wife through his death. Caesars assassination insinuates that men shou ld put more faith into the insight and warnings of women (Lone). Feeling guilt and being haunted by Caesars ghost at the battlefield, feeling imminent defeat to the forces of Mark Antony and Octavius, Brutus commits suicide and calls for Caesar to now be still stating that he killed him with not half so good a will (Shakespeare 5.5.56-57). He regrets his decision to go against his morals and reason by killing Caesar. Lone says, They {Portia and Calpurnia} themselves are strong women, but the men are unwilling to accept the reality and in the end become pathetic figures, and die tragic deaths (Lone). At the end of the bloody battle, Octavius, the new Caesar of the Roman Empire, leaves to part the glories of this happy day (Shakespeare 5.5.87). Octavius goes on to reap the rewards of the battle by destroying the republic that Brutus killed to protect. The imminent destruction and annihilation of the republic is a direct result of the relations between Roman men and women, specifically the misconceptions of the role of women in Roman life. Misconceptions about the role and power of women in society brings about death and destruction in Julius Caesar.In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare utilizes Portia and Calpurnia to convey the conflict between the perceived disposition of women in Roman society and the true disposition of women. The inherent power and strength of women is seen in both Portia and Calpurnia, but societal norms hold them back from reaching their potential and eventually culminates in the end of the Roman republic. Although women and men are not the same physically and mentally, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, both are equally needed and important in order to maintain a stable society in our world.

Should Euthanasia Be Allowed - 986 Words

Euthanasia allows a human being to die with dignity. Originating from the Greek terms eu (happy or good) and thantos (death), euthanasia means literally happy death or good death. It is commonly defined as the act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy (LeBaron). Assisted suicide is a form of euthanasia, when a person helps commit suicide or provides information of how to do so to another person. A person taking another persons life without his or her request in order for that person not to have ample suffering is a mercy killing. Both are methods of euthanasia. We all have the right to die if it ends a persons suffering or if a person†¦show more content†¦Sixty-one percent thought physician-assisted suicide should be legalized and nearly 80 percent preferred not to be resuscitated if they had no chance of having a good quality of life. A nationwide Gallup poll conducted in April 1996 found that 75 percent of adults favor allowing doctors to end the lives of the terminally ill if the patient requests it, compared with 65 percent in 1990 and 53 percent in 1973. In June 1996, Remedy Magazine surveyed 31,541 individuals 55 years of age and over. The results showed that 65 percent agree that the terminally ill should have a legal right to commit suicide with a doctors assistance and 64 percent favor enacting legislation to give people this right. Here is an interesting fact from that same survey, 50 percent of the Catholics surveyed supported legalizing it compared with 64 percent of the general sample (Hemlock). The difference between murder and euthanasia is that murder is unlawfully slaying a person who wishes to live. Euthanasia is help with a good death, a person who wanted to die. When a person murders another person, it is killing a person against their wish to live. A person who wishes to die and is helped, is not murder by any means. People shou ld have the right to choose whether they would like to die, when the time comes to decide. If a person does not believe in euthanasia, then he or she does not haveShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Allowed?1675 Words   |  7 PagesWhen euthanasia comes to mind, what do you think of? Do you think of people hurting, do you think of it as suicide, do you think of sick people? The big question is†¦ do you think it’s wrong? Many questions, concerns, and issues have come up with this topic in the past, because there are so many factors that go into deciding when euthanasia should be allowed, if at all. Should just anyone be allowed to decide they want to die, and have a physician assist him or her with suicide, or do they have toRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia Should be Allowed1214 Words   |  5 Pagesassistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. T here are many kinds of definitions that one must argue the fact of, what is euthanasia. Well you would have to keep reading farther on. Euthanasia can either be voluntary or non voluntary, when it then becomes murder. But what it is not is that its not euthanasia unless the death is intentionally. It is not medical actions or withdrawingRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Allowed And Protected By Legislation1656 Words   |  7 Pagesshe lives in has not legalized euthanasia and she is forced to live with the excruciating mental and physical pain for many more months. Many believe that a person who is terminally ill should retain the right to choose whether or not they want to die and defend the practice by saying it is financially suitable. Euthanasia should be allowed and protected by legislation because it a human’s ethical right to die and it is also economically sensible. Narratio Euthanasia is used to terminate the lifeRead MoreEuthanasi The Killing Of A Patient1698 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, also known as assisted suicide,has continued to be an ongoing debate within today’s news. Euthanasia is known as the killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. Some interpret euthanasia as the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. Many disagree with this interpretation, because it needs to include a reference to intractable suffering. There are many different classifications of euthanasia that one must understand beforeRead MoreEuthanasia Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia In this term paper I have chosen to speak about euthanasia because this is a topic that provokes as much controversy as capital punishment, primarily because it is irreversible. The question of euthanasia being right or wrong is one that most would prefer left alone. My purpose here in this term paper is to show forth view points of both sides of the arguments and finally conclude with my views on the topic. Let me start by explaining what is the exactRead More A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia Essays1566 Words   |  7 PagesA Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the biggest controversies of this decade is euthanasia. Euthanasia is inducing the painless death of a person for reasons assumed to be merciful?(Henrickson and Martin 24). There are four types of euthanasia voluntary and direct, voluntary but indirect, direct but involuntary, and indirect and involuntary. Voluntary and direct euthanasia is chosen and carried out by the patient.? Voluntary but indirect euthanasia is chosen in advance. DirectRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pagespain too just like you are in pain. What would you do? Euthanasia is and act where a person assist the death of other person and relieves him/her from pain. It is also called as mercy killing. It is controversial because, some may thing it is immoral and some may think it is against their religious values. But, the fact is, the person who suffers with pain knows the pain better than anybody. It is the person’s decision to make. Euthanasia should be legali zed with the involvements of legal documentsRead MoreInvestigating Whether Euthanasia Have a Place in a Civilised Society633 Words   |  3 PagesInvestigating Whether Euthanasia Have a Place in a Civilised Society Euthanasia has been a controversial subject for many years. Since the invention of modern medicine, arguments of moral, ethical and legal issues have been introduced to the topic of euthanasia. The job of the doctors and other professional in medicine is to sustain life for as long as possible, this is their duty. The problem is that the dieing patients want to die happily. Due to euthanasia being illegalRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1000 Words   |  4 Pagescircumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is the action thatRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 Pagescircumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is the action that

Climate Smart Agriculture In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

In aftermath of planetary climatic alterations, the developing states like Pakistan will confront the brunt because of their socio-economic features and heavy trust on agribusiness. As clime alteration will impact the agricultural productiveness, Pakistan needs to follow a policy which will guarantee the nutriment of 180 million people. As portion of version scheme, there is a demand of climate smart agribusiness which comprises of IWM ( incorporate H2O direction ) , GMO ‘s ( Genetically Modified Organisms ) , micro crediting and funding, low delta harvests ( necessitate less H2O ) , organic manure, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Smart Agriculture In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This survey further compares the agricultural productivenesss of different LDC ‘s with Pakistan and their acceptance rate of Green Revolution. Results show that Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have an acceptance rate of more than 60 % , which is really high in comparing with other developing states like Afghanistan, Angola and Yemen, whose acceptance rate has been less than 2 % . Furthermore other developing states had non adequate environmental considerations as compared to Pakistan. Finally the survey concludes that even though we have given much importance to the environmental facets yet we will hold to make some more attempts to non merely increase agricultural productiveness but with the clime smart facets of agribusiness. Introduction In the hereafter, Global Warming due to climatic alteration is expected ( due to current planetary seasonal alterations it is expected that planetary heating is go oning in future ) . About 2oC to 4oC addition in temperature over the subcontinent is expected. In these rough conditions the deficit of fresh H2O supply from rivers every bit good as the altered rain autumn forms will decidedly upset our agricultural productiveness. As a consequence more poorness and other societal immoralities will be our destiny. Increased bio diverseness loss along with the clime alterations will increase the habitat loss and finally of all time increasing population ‘s demand of nutrient will be a large inquiry grade for the policy shapers of our state and political disposal. Forests screen of our state is every bit low as 2.2 % or about 1,687,000 hour angle which is being forested in Pakistan. 20.2 % ( 340,000 hour angle ) is classified as primary forest out of it, the most bio diverse and carbon-filled signifier of wood. Pakistan had planted forest 340,000 ha.A Change in Forest Screen: Between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan is losing an norm of 42,000 hour angle or 1.66 % per annum. In entire, between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan has lost 33.2 % of its entire forest screen or around 840,000 hour angle. Pakistan ‘s woods are comprised of 213 million metric dozenss of C in populating forest biomass, which will of class return to the ambiance due to the fast film editing of woods ( FAO, 2010 ) . All the above climatic alteration catastrophes will finally consequence the people of Pakistan ‘s wellness besides by lessening in fresh H2O supply from aquifers or rain H2O fluctuation and taint or by energy lack powered by deficient usage of hydel power and the effusion of epidemic diseases like malaria and dandy fever. Poor H2O supply, increased worm conditions and the increased strength of natural catastrophes will finally transport on holding large decease tolls and as the Malthusian theory suggests natural catastrophes does non care about who is traveling to be vanished, a bookman or any drone. History: – The traditional agricultural agriculture has been with us up to early 1960ss of twentieth century. Afterwards we had followed the green revolution techniques, and with this method we are in a place to go forth India and Bangladesh behind but were behind China in the acceptance rate. Adoption Ratess of Green Revolution Crop in Pakistan Old ages Wheat Rice Maize Millet Sorghum Lentils Land Nuts Potatos All Crops 1965 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 3 1970 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 20 35 1975 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 45 49 1980 88 45 0 0 7 0 0 50 64 1985 90 55 0 0 10 0 0 60 67 1990 91 70 5 5 15 3 1 70 71 1995 92 85 10 10 20 15 3 75 75 2000 95 99 15 15 21 33 5 80 81 The above tabular array is derived from ‘Robert E. Evenson ‘ ( talk in PDR ) â€Å" The Green Revolution and the Gene Revolution in Pakistan: Policy Deductions † . In this tabular array it is evident that the Green Revolution in Pakistan ab initio produced really good consequences i.e. 25 times from 1965 to 1995, with an one-year mean addition of 83 % . It is really high rate of addition in over all harvest outputs but if we compare the consequences with the harvest output addition in 1995-2000 with 1965-1995 ‘s, the one-year mean addition in harvest outputs, it is evident that the one-year mean addition in 1995-2000 remains every bit low as 21.6 % merely. It is clear from above consequences that the so called Green Revolution technique is bit by bit neglecting in our state. LT 2 % 2-10 % 10-20 % 20-30 % 30-40 % 40-50 % 50-65 % GT 65 % Afghanistan Burkina Faso Bolivia Colombia Cuba Dominican Republic Algeries Argentina Angola Cambodia Dahomey Costa Rica United arab republic Persia Bangladesh Chile Burundi Chad Botswana Ecuador Mexico Kenya Brazil China Cardinal African Republic El-Salvador Cameroon Ghana South west africa Maroc Union of burma India Congo ( B ) Gabun Congo ( Z ) Lao people’s democratic republic Paraguay Nepal Tunisia Dutch east indies Gambia Guatemala Ca »Ã¢â‚¬Å"te d’Ivoire Malagasy republic Peru Siam Malaya Guinea Bissau Guinea Yaltopya French sudan Saudi- Arabia Turkey Pakistan Mauritanie Haiti Liberia Sierra Leone South- Africa Philippines Mongolia Jamaica Honduras Syria Srilanka Niger Libya Mauritius Vietnam Somalia Nyasaland Nicaragua Yemen Mocambique Nigeria Panama Rwandese republic Senegal Soudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uruguay Uganda Venezuela Northern rhodesia Rhodesia Table from: Robert E. Evenson ‘ ( talk in PDR, 2010 ) Even though Pakistan is among those states whose acceptance rate of Green Revolution is more than 65 % . Even so we are confronting with the nutrient crises. Why? Because of several grounds i.e. political, societal and distributional grounds along with the territorial and cross boundary line influences. One of these grounds is the none usage of resources harmonizing to sustainable. By sustainable usage of resources we mean that inordinate usage of fertilisers is of no usage, we will hold to reconsider the national policy for the accomplishment of national ends, and that is the emerging construct of Climate Smart Agriculture, in which we must utilize our cherished resources in such a manner that neither there should be an inordinate usage of fertilisers and H2O etc nor we should go forth the hereafter nutrient demands of the of all time increasing population. On the other manus we could non accomplish â€Å" Gene Revolution † which is based on â€Å" Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid † , ( a familial Engineering technique ) because we had non introduced the nutrient safety and environmental safety ordinances which are required for Gene Revolution. Gene Revolution is comprised of Genetically Modified merchandises. Approximately 40 per centum of GM merchandises are GM harvest merchandises and 60 per centum are GM wellness merchandises ( Robert E. Evenson in PDR, 2010 ) . The GM harvest merchandises fall into three classs: ( a ) Herbicide Tolerant merchandises. ( B ) Disease Resistant merchandises. ( degree Celsius ) Insect Resistant merchandises ( chiefly from Bacillus thurengiensis ( Bt ) engineered into the works. If we could accomplish the Gene Revolution, it will be a success way taking to Climate Smart agribusiness. Expected Future of nutrient insecurity and Climate Smart Agriculture Post Harvest losingss of Crop The station crop losingss of different harvests of fruits and veggies occur due to hapless engineering of harvest home, improper timing of crop and burden of end product in the Fieldss and long distances from Fieldss to market. This station crop loss is vey important sum of entire end product. In Pakistan these losingss are besides really high particularly in fruits and veggies. Harmonizing to national statistics these loses in Pakistan are runing from 35 to 40 % . During the Kharif 2005-06 the production of veggies was 1.2 million dozenss while it dropped to under 1 million dozenss in 2009-10.Similarly, Rabi 2005-06 production of veggies was about 2.2 million dozenss which came down to 2 million dozenss in 2009-10.and at the same clip the population and demand is increased ( FAO study, 2010 ) . Stay Green seeds assortment should be used in production as this assortment delays the over maturating procedure and vegetable corsets green and remain fresh and functional on the workss for longer period. This will assist and farmer has more clip to reap the harvest and the opportunities of loss will be least. If the authorities take this issue earnestly and by presenting progress engineering and better the substructure it can get the better of these losingss. By making this authorities can guarantee more supply of fruits and veggies and set the monetary values at the lower limit degrees and guarantee the nutrient security in the state, as the most of the hapless people of Pakistan used veggies as the basic nutrient. ( Dawn Economic and Bushiness reappraisal, 25 April, 2011 ) Issues sing Agriculture in Pakistan: Water Handiness: – Pakistan is a H2O lacking state. Agribusiness is the largest individual user of H2O in the state, devouring about 99 per cent of available surface H2O and 92.5 per cent of groundwater beginnings. Groundwater contributes 57 per cent ( 40 MAF ) of entire H2O available at the farm gate, while 43 per cent of irrigation supply comes from river flows. Canal H2O diverted in an mean twelvemonth is 54 MAF, out of which 29 MAF is available at the farm gate. In Punjab, 99 % of surface H2O ( rivers, canals etc. ) and 92.5 % of groundwater ( tube Wellss etc. ) is used for irrigation/ Agricultural intents but, the groundwater is usually piquant doing salination ( Punjab Sustainable Development Report, 2010 ) . While, inordinate use of aquifer has reduced H2O tabular array and increased the cost of pull outing aquifer for irrigation intents. The quality of groundwater is fringy to brackish in 40 per cent of the country of the Indus basin in the state, impacting harvest outputs and taking to the sec ondary salinisation of dirts. Excessive extraction has lowered the H2O tabular array in many countries and increased the cost of pumping groundwater for irrigation. Quality has besides been affected, with the engagement of saline groundwater into the fresh groundwater zone. More over as India is increasing its dike, which will decline the jobs of Pakistan and as a consequence our agricultural production will besides endure. The increased H2O supply due to the climatic alterations i.e. runing the glaciers, will be used up by India. This is the state of affairs in H2O handiness. In Punjab, 99 % of surface H2O ( rivers, canals etc. ) and 92.5 % of groundwater ( tube Wellss etc. ) is used for irrigation/ Agricultural intents but, the groundwater is usually piquant doing salination. While, inordinate use of aquifer has reduced H2O tabular array and increased the cost of pull outing aquifer for irrigation intents ( Punjab Sustainable Development Report, 2010 ) . Water, hygiene, sanitation related diseases costs Pak. economic system Rs. 112 billions/year ( wellness + gaining losingss ) ( WB, 2006 ) ( Env. Degradation Losses ) Costs related to Diarrhea entirely = Rs. 55 to Rs.80 Billion/year High drop-out in schools Beginning: Pakistan Strategic Country Environment Assessment Report ( 2006 ) , The World Bank. Solutions for Water Availability: – So here we can utilize the Climate Smart technique to battle with the immorality of H2O deficit and H2O taints. With the improved H2O harvest home and increasing reservoirs such as dikes if non big dikes so there should be little dikes built desperately in rain fed countries of our state. Proper direction of effluent Water handiness and its taint should be stopped by participatory attack, affecting policy shapers, terminal users and contrivers. There is a technique which saves H2O and is called Alternate-Wetting and Drying ( AWD ) which was developed by the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) in cooperation with national research establishments. Conservation Agriculture ( CA ) is another smart agribusiness technique in which the straws of the harvested harvests are laid on the same field in a mode that it retains wet and birthrate of dirt, this technique is normally practiced in states like Egypt. Dirt foods and birthrate: – For Agriculture production the usage of fertilisers is practiced at really high degree to acquire more output per acre. The domestic production of fertilisers in the twelvemonth 2009-10 was estimated about 4.5 % , and the import of fertilisers was approximately 133 % increased in the same twelvemonth. The entire stock of fertiliser increased 25 % in Pakistan. Excessive usage of fertilisers has been doing debasement of dirts ‘ birthrate. In Pakistan, the usage of natural fertiliser ( organic ) is non being practiced at commercial degree but, at local degree this is practical ( Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-10 ) . Issues: Due to the intensive usage of machinery and fertilisers soil productiveness alternatively of increasing it is diminishing. Under-utilization or over-utilization of fertilisers is an issue. Excessive usage of fertilisers is termed as â€Å" Fertilization Burn † which causes roots to dry out and even decease of the works. Nitrogen arrested development in the harvests is an indispensable portion and bring forthing unreal N fertilisers needs beginnings like fossil fuels and natural gas which is scarce in nature In the production of ammonia- the major constituent of fertilisers is produce by the usage of natural gas in industrial procedure which is a scarce resource. Soil eroding, Wind eroding, H2O logging Soil eroding causes deposits to settle down in dikes, agricultural run-off, wastewaters in the H2O and sewerage, causes eutrophication ( algae growing on the H2O surface ) . Solutions: Use of organic fertilisers Legumes or lentils ( protein rich beginning workss ) can be used as natural fertilisers which can besides turn to nutrient security issues and increase nutrient transition ratios and lessenings methane emanations besides called green manuring, normally cropped in between two harvests or inter-cropping and in agro-forestry systems to heighten dirt birthrate. Nitrogen is an indispensable food to increase harvest outputs, it can be achieved through composting manures and harvest residues, specifically utilizing techniques like ‘deep arrangement engineerings ‘ or else usage organic fertiliser. Pesticides: – There is inordinate usage of pesticides in Pakistan. In last two decennaries pesticides use has been 1169 % and at least more than 10 sprays are used on a individual harvest ( Technical bulletin, 2000 ) and 80 % pesticide are used on cotton workss ( Government of Pakistan, 2005 ) . Whereas, the old Torahs related to the usage of pesticides has non been updated yet ( Agriculture Pesticide Ordinance APO 1971 A ; 1973, Mazari, 2005 ) . Issues: – Pesticides are considered one of the major beginnings to command plagues and other insects but they have their ain risky impacts because of soiled chemicals are used to organize pesticides called relentless organic pollutants ( POPs ) and therefore causes H2O pollution, dirt taint. Excessive usage of pesticides besides reduces the N arrested development in dirt, disturbs the pollenation procedure and destroys birds ‘ home ground. Plagues ‘ immune system develops a opposition against pesticides finally human need another type of pesticide to command the plagues. The usage of pesticides can hold an inauspicious consequence on human wellness. Solutions: – Use of good parasitic and marauding insects to command the plagues which are involved in diminishing the works growing such as, beetles etc. Seeds: – In Pakistan we are confronting with the job of lack of research based high giving up assortments ( HYVs ) seeds, on one side we have to pass cherished foreign exchange to purchase them and on the other manus, we are dependent on other states. We have established many agricultural research establishments and research labs like ; Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department ( FSC A ; RD ) For illustration, Bt. Cotton is seed modified and developed by utilizing the techniques employed in Biotechnology. The usage of this seed increases the green goods by 30 % because it has a capacity to defy plagues, and cotton related diseases which certainly, increase the income of hapless subsistence husbandmans but still, there is a spread between supply and demand so, the monetary values of these HYVs are increasing. During the twelvemonth 2009-10 the 611 seed bring forthing companies are registered ( both populace and private sectors ) in Pakistan. Increasing the cost of production of a gribusiness and decreasing the net incomes of husbandmans. More over these are non much reliable. These HYVs are tolerant to plagues, utmost temperatures and diseases. Issues Supply deficits along with dependability of these HYVs Poor provincials can non afford these HYVs These HYVs consume more H2O and we are H2O lacking state Solutions and benefits: – Domestic production of HYVs, which suit our environment Provision of capital to little husbandmans by the authorities Construction of new dikes ( little dikes ) Solution to post production losingss Increased supply of nutrient Stay green assortment of seeds should be used Farm Mechanization: – Farm mechanisation tendency is increasing overtime. It supports cultural patterns, in-time sowing, and decrease in station crop losingss. The farm mechanisation includes tractors, agriculturists, drills, wheat thrashers, sprays, power rigs, tubing Wellss and bull dozers. Entire figure of tractors being used is 342,000 in June 2005. It was expected that the figure of tractors will increase up to 466,000 in 2009-10 ( Working Draft, Planning Commission, 2010 ) . Decision: – To run into the turning demand of the agricultural goods specially for staple nutrient and at the same clip the menace of clime alteration has opportunities to go on as in 2010 the devastated inundations affect the state and damaged the harvests cultivated on 1000000s of hectares. Pakistan needs to follow climate smart agribusiness techniques to turn to this issue. As the FAO has proposed different valuable clime smart methods, Pakistan should follow these patterns as our state is labour abundant and most of our population is involved in agribusiness patterns. But there is deficiency of fiscal spreads. In this paper different issues and their solutions are highlighted different issues sing agribusiness sector which and besides some patterns of clime smart agribusiness is being done but harmonizing to potency of Pakistan ‘s agribusiness it is non being utilized. There is demand of policy devising should include all the stakeholders to do the agribusiness sector more productive a cquire the higher consequences by using the resources more expeditiously. Even though there are a batch of hurdlings in accommodating to the Climate Smart agribusiness technique such as institutional, societal, and political and deficiency of agricultural instruction, we have the possible to come up with this evident demand of future. We have to get down this now or otherwise it will be excessively late to be blamed by our hereafter coevalss, that what we were endowed and what we have left for them. Policy Recommendations: – Increase Agriculture production through debut of advanced engineerings, scientific method, and better policy devising Management and preservation of H2O resources in such a manner that more portion of the land is facilitated with more irrigated H2O like ; trickle irrigation Technique of Smart Agriculture ( intercrossed seeds, green manuring, H2O etc. ) in hard currency harvests in such a manner that their exports can be enhanced Using Research and Development ( R A ; D ) for the production of Hybrid seeds within the state to cut down the imported seeds, and cut down the impacts of clime alteration doing seasonal holds. Agriculture recognition and micro funding installation should be easy available particularly to little husbandmans ( like ; one window operation ) . Guaranting the inducements for little husbandmans through support monetary value system ( subsidies by authorities ) so that their income may increase. Timely handiness of Agricultural inputs to cut down the negative impact of clime alteration on agribusiness. Development and debut of smart agricultural techniques to cut down the agricultural dirt emanations. How to cite Climate Smart Agriculture In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Case Study Shrimp Farming in Ecuador Essay Example For Students

Case Study: Shrimp Farming in Ecuador Essay Shrimp Farming in Ecuador I. PROBLEM(S) 1. What can Xavier do to turn the economical and his entrepreneurial weaknesses into strengths? 2. What can Xavier do to turn the economical and environmental threats into opportunities? Sub-problems which will be answered in the recommendation: a. What investment alternatives can Xavier consider in order to expand his shrimp business in Ecuador? b. Would the problems of Ecuador prevent a joint venture with a foreign partner? II. SWOT ANALYSIS To get a full understanding of the case, first we need to put information into order. By understanding the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to Xavier’s shrimp business, the greater picture will help us to get closer to a solution to the problem(s). Strengths 1. Xavier’s shrimp business: †¢He is a leader in the creation of a public research institute; analysis of genetics to ensure longer life expectations and resistance of shrimps; †¢He developed is own hatchery system, solving technological problems; †¢He build his ponds in order to make his farming environmentally sustainable; †¢Special feeding system for baby shrimps; Two other family members are involved shrimp business (Ecuador and US); Weaknesses 1. Xavier’s shrimp business: †¢Xavier does not understand the concept of hedging. 2. Economy †¢Japanese shrimp businesses learned the art of shrimp farming from Ecuadorian shrimp farmers (copying the methods); Opportunities 1. Health concerns: †¢People throughout the world shift towards consumption o f more fish; eventual increase of demand; †¢Expanding his business by considering investment alternatives to stay competitive. Threats 1. Economy: Depletion of fish in natural habitats throughout the world would likely lead to higher fish prices in the future. †¢World price of shrimp fell by 50 per cent over the 1986-96; global expansion of shrimp farming would depress shrimp prices in the future; †¢Japanese shrimp industry is on the rise; †¢Real interest rates are extremely high: oBorrowing from other countries brought debt repayment in US Dollars; oBorrowing from neighbor countries (Colombia and Uruguay) might fear of using drug money and resulting in undesirable consequences. result of political instability) oSignificant foreign exchange risk †¢The emergence of a disease known as white-spot virus has jeopardized the industry’s growth; †¢The long-term cost of shrimp / prawn farming already has been devastating; 2. Environment: †¢Prawn farm s have destroyed an estimated 800,000 hectares of mangrove forests and created improbable saline deserts in some of the world’s wettest countries. †¢Impact on other species and vegetations. III. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS †¦concerning problem no. : What can Xavier do to turn the economical and his entrepreneurial weaknesses into strengths? 1. Since Xavier does not understand the concept of hedging, he would be advised to hire additional personnel. Advantage: The newly hired is taking charge of the hedging aspect, while Xavier can be more focus on the administration of his business. Disadvantage: Additional costs and training. 2. Japanese farmers studied the art of shrimp farming at Xavier’s public research institute and have brought the methods to their own country. Xavier’s institute should keep certain information on their method procedures in the shrimp business as a company’s secret. Advantage: This discretion of certain information of their business will secure the uniqueness Disadvantage: International relationships might suffer. †¦concerning problem no. 2. What can Xavier do to turn the economical and environmental threats into opportunities? (Comment: The threats in this case are varied and deeper to be analyzed in reality since the economical and environmental solutions are beyond Xavier’s capabilities. However, this paper is an attempt to find probable solutions. ) 1. To avoid depression shrimp prices in the future, Xavier needs to expand his business into the value-added parts. Advantage: Innovations of product line will secure a wider consumer market. Disadvantage: Expansion involves big funds of new equipments to be obtained which might lead Xavier into considering investment alternatives. Thus, his business might fall into debts. 2. Real estate rates from outside investors shall be considered. .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .postImageUrl , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:hover , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:visited , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:active { border:0!important; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:active , .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091 .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44e38e8bfaeacff24bb20b6319d92091:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pop culture EssayAdvantage: Asking for loans from foreign investors will give Xavier the opportunity to expand his business and ensure that it is not â€Å"blood money† from its neighboring countries. Disadvantage: Xavier’s business is forced to repay the loan in a given time period with added interest rates in Dollar. Thus, the business must run well to repay the loaned amount. 3. Environmentally, Xavier needs to upgrade and up stock his equipment to ensure naturally friendly methods in his shrimp business. Advantage: In that way he is helping to lessen the burden of the natural environment, and avoid issues with NGOs that see an environmental threat of his business. Disadvantage: Obtaining the equipments needed to ensure natural friendly methods will require Xavier to invest into his business, making him consider loans from banks, other national or international institutions who give financial aid (with interest). IV. RECOMMENDATION First recommendation is to hire an additional staff that takes care of the hedging since Xavier is total unfamiliar with its concept. This will give him ample time and space to keep focus on the entire business rather than on little flaws that might just hinder the progress. Second, keeping good business relations is a vital aspect in business in general. It is difficult to say rather to disclose important method procedures in Xavier’s business to ensure the business secrecy or value the Japanese relationship. However by assessing and comparing cases, we can see that businesses like Microsoft, Bosch, Fastfood chains like McDonalds or KFC live from keeping their specialty ingredients and methods disclosed to public, especially to competitors. That is why it is recommended to withhold certain business information. With regard on what Xavier can do to turn economical threats into opportunities, it is important for his business to jump on the train of innovation. Through the process of including value-added parts to his shrimp business will open new markets. The expansion of varieties will give him the edge over his competitors. However, this step will involve substantial amounts of funds to buy the equipments. Therefore, I recommend Xavier to consider foreign investments although his business might be charged with higher interest rate. That is always a game and a risk in business, especially if you deal on international level. I believe that would be the better choice over a) asking for loans from a bank in Ecuador, since the economy and governance is known to be unstable and easily trapped in inflation, and b) getting loans from neighbor countries since it is known to be â€Å"blood money†, and in cases of being unable to repay, it might become quite uncomfortable to that person and eventually to his/her family. This answers the two sub-problems. With concern to the environmental aspect, there will be always problems arising in the future. However, it is believed that today’s technologies are technologically overhauled and built with considering the fact of lessen the burden of Mother Nature. At the end, it is a call to Xavier’s business to realize its social responsibility in upgrading his equipment to the best and most environmental friendly standard. Yet, that leads him back how he is going to choose his investment alternatives.